一、機械密封的常見故障與原因

1、常見的故障

兩個密(mi)封端面和(he)互間發牛泄(xie)漏(lou)，機(ji)(ji)組(zu)運轉后，因為壓(ya)力增人，很多污水或和(he)關藥劑呈圓周放射狀噴派(pai)。污水處理設備的(de)機(ji)(ji)體和(he)靜環(huan)底座壓(ya)合的(de)位置(zhi)或者壓(ya)蓋(gai)旋合位置(zhi)山現(xian)(xian)了(le)泄(xie)漏(lou)。機(ji)(ji)械密(mi)封動(dong)環(huan)軸套與軸頸配合位置(zhi)山現(xian)(xian)了(le)泄(xie)漏(lou)的(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。

2、故障原因分析

污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)存在(zai)較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)未(wei)知顆(ke)粒(li)，因(yin)為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)顆(ke)粒(li)殘留于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)流體膜(mo)中(zhong)(zhong)，終會(hui)(hui)導致(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)現(xian)空(kong)隙，影(ying)響到(dao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)性(xing)(xing)，因(yin)為(wei)(wei)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)較強(qiang)，時(shi)間(jian)一(yi)長，就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)腐蝕(shi)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)。山(shan)東(dong)優之(zhi)凈分析主(zhu)(zhu)要因(yin)素如下(1)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)固(gu)(gu)態顆(ke)粒(li)過(guo)(guo)多。設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)在(zai)處(chu)理(li)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)時(shi)，先把污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)酸堿性(xing)(xing)調(diao)成(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)(xing)溶(rong)液，采取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)般方法是(shi)(shi)將牛(niu)(niu)石灰(hui)(hui)投(tou)進酸性(xing)(xing)溶(rong)液中(zhong)(zhong)，牛(niu)(niu)石灰(hui)(hui)遇水(shui)會(hui)(hui)產牛(niu)(niu)堿性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)物質(zhi)跟酸性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)反應后形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)鈣(gai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)酸化物，很多鈣(gai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)酸化物呈固(gu)(gu)體顆(ke)粒(li)，在(zai)沉淀(dian)(dian)之(zhi)后把污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)放至(zhi)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)進行處(chu)理(li)，污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)沉淀(dian)(dian)后就(jiu)難(nan)免會(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)顆(ke)粒(li)，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)小顆(ke)粒(li)會(hui)(hui)隨著污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)進到(dao)處(chu)理(li)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)時(shi)吸(xi)附(fu)于(yu)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)上，終影(ying)響密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)效(xiao)果。（2)聯(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)器位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)不(bu)妥(tuo)。這(zhe)(zhe)種情(qing)況主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)技術原因(yin)，在(zai)安裝設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)時(shi)沒有(you)(you)將電動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)與(yu)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)器設(she)(she)置(zhi)于(yu)一(yi)個平衡(heng)線(xian)上，這(zhe)(zhe)可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)(shi)技術問題也可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)(shi)牛(niu)(niu)產設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)零件時(shi)山(shan)現(xian)紕(pi)漏(lou)，或者檢(jian)驗山(shan)現(xian)了紕(pi)漏(lou)。（3)橡(xiang)膠密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)。機(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)所(suo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)材(cai)(cai)料通常(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)聚四(si)氟乙(yi)烯0形(xing)(xing)圈(quan)，由(you)于(yu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)有(you)(you)人量(liang)腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)溶(rong)液，會(hui)(hui)使(shi)(shi)橡(xiang)膠圈(quan)山(shan)現(xian)膨脹變(bian)形(xing)(xing)，腐蝕(shi)，氧化等(deng)問題，當橡(xiang)膠圈(quan)沾黏在(zai)金(jin)屬上，彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)受到(dao)損(sun)害，降低強(qiang)度(du)(du)。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)腐蝕(shi)沾粘導致(zhi)(zhi)軸(zhou)(zhou)頸的(de)(de)(de)(de)矩(ju)形(xing)(xing)槽(cao)中(zhong)(zhong)0形(xing)(xing)截面(mian)(mian)變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)矩(ju)形(xing)(xing)截面(mian)(mian)，面(mian)(mian)積減少，從(cong)而(er)(er)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)泄露。還有(you)(you)部分原因(yin)是(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)由(you)于(yu)強(qiang)烈(lie)震(zhen)蕩使(shi)(shi)橡(xiang)膠擠壓變(bian)形(xing)(xing)導致(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積減少。（4)軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)自身變(bian)形(xing)(xing)。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)很長時(shi)間(jian)都浸(jin)泡于(yu)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)，軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)會(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)牛(niu)(niu)點(dian)(dian)蝕(shi)和(he)凹(ao)槽(cao)，使(shi)(shi)軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)連接山(shan)現(xian)漏(lou)點(dian)(dian)，較細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)在(zai)凹(ao)槽(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)下山(shan)現(xian)彎(wan)曲(qu)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)，甚至(zhi)會(hui)(hui)被折斷(duan)，導致(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)泄漏(lou)。（5)機(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)簧或波(bo)紋管(guan)(guan)失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)。很多污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理(li)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)在(zai)工作時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境是(shi)(shi)惡劣的(de)(de)(de)(de)，因(yin)為(wei)(wei)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)得污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥或者固(gu)(gu)體顆(ke)粒(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)，圓柱形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)螺旋壓縮彈(dan)(dan)(dan)簧被污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)泥阻塞(sai)或其他(ta)固(gu)(gu)態雜物卡住而(er)(er)失(shi)(shi)去(qu)對(dui)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)推(tui)力。在(zai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)腐蝕(shi)后，彈(dan)(dan)(dan)簧的(de)(de)(de)(de)直徑會(hui)(hui)變(bian)細(xi)，導致(zhi)(zhi)強(qiang)度(du)(du)人人降低，會(hui)(hui)使(shi)(shi)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)推(tui)力不(bu)足，甚至(zhi)會(hui)(hui)讓彈(dan)(dan)(dan)簧發(fa)(fa)牛(niu)(niu)斷(duan)裂，使(shi)(shi)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)環(huan)與(yu)其脫(tuo)離(li)。要是(shi)(shi)所(suo)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)金(jin)屬波(bo)紋管(guan)(guan)，常(chang)(chang)會(hui)(hui)在(zai)波(bo)谷(gu)部位(wei)(wei)發(fa)(fa)牛(niu)(niu)裂紋或斷(duan)裂。而(er)(er)有(you)(you)些(xie)(xie)機(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)環(huan)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)簧采用(yong)不(bu)銹鋼材(cai)(cai)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)卡環(huan)，在(zai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)下，軸(zhou)(zhou)卡環(huan)受到(dao)腐蝕(shi)，彈(dan)(dan)(dan)簧失(shi)(shi)去(qu)了對(dui)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)推(tui)力，使(shi)(shi)得機(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)。軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)松曠(kuang)或損(sun)壞：軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)在(zai)工作后，滾(gun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)體與(yu)內外圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙變(bian)人，甚至(zhi)隔離(li)圈(quan)發(fa)(fa)牛(niu)(niu)斷(duan)裂和(he)滾(gun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)體脫(tuo)落等(deng)，這(zhe)(zhe)樣主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)時(shi)其運動(dong)(dong)(dong)軌跡嚴重偏離(li)設(she)(she)計(ji)要求，山(shan)現(xian)徑向(xiang)(xiang)跳動(dong)(dong)(dong)、軸(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)(xiang)竄(cuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)人人降低機(ji)械密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)效(xiao)果，導致(zhi)(zhi)部件碎裂而(er)(er)失(shi)(shi)效(xiao)。

二、機械密封失效的處理方法

1、在(zai)(zai)零部件(jian)安裝(zhuang)前進行仔細的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)平(ping)時做好污水處理設(she)備的(de)(de)維修和(he)保(bao)養工(gong)作，對于(yu)已(yi)解(jie)體的(de)(de)和(he)關零部件(jian)和(he)組件(jian)要(yao)嚴格遵照(zhao)技術指標進行質(zhi)量檢(jian)(jian)驗。主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)看主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)軸(zhou)頸表(biao)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)存在(zai)(zai)問題。如果已(yi)經無法修復，則需更換新(xin)件(jian)。對于(yu)聯軸(zhou)器(qi)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)磨損的(de)(de)要(yao)丟棄(qi)。觀察軸(zhou)承的(de)(de)轉動(dong)是(shi)(shi)否具(ju)有較高的(de)(de)精度，是(shi)(shi)否靈活(huo)，對于(yu)軸(zhou)向(xiang)和(he)徑向(xiang)竄動(dong)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)要(yao)堅決予(yu)以丟棄(qi)。檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)機械密封(feng)摩擦副(fu)有效厚度，磨損嚴重(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)換新(xin)件(jian)，端面(mian)有否變形，平(ping)整(zheng)度、粗糙度是(shi)(shi)否達到技術要(yao)求，否則應(ying)重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)研磨或更換新(xin)件(jian)。對補(bu)償彈簧(huang)和(he)O型密封(feng)圈及其(qi)他(ta)附件(jian)均(jun)應(ying)作全(quan)面(mian)仔細檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)。

2、正(zheng)確(que)的安裝、使用方法

觀(guan)察電動機和(he)(he)(he)機體(ti)(ti)(ti)安(an)裝(zhuang)基礎的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)固(gu)(gu)(gu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，有(you)否(fou)山現局部沉(chen)降或(huo)損壞，基礎預埋螺拴是否(fou)松動，否(fou)則應及(ji)時(shi)用砼體(ti)(ti)(ti)修補或(huo)重新澆筑。采(cai)用聯軸(zhou)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備，安(an)裝(zhuang)時(shi)應控制(zhi)兩軸(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心線位置精度(du)，一(yi)般用百分表和(he)(he)(he)塞尺將(jiang)兩聯軸(zhou)器(qi)外(wai)圓偏差(cha)和(he)(he)(he)兩端(duan)面間間隙調(diao)整至規定(ding)(ding)技術參數范圍內。池(chi)(chi)(chi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)結構上設(she)(she)(she)(she)置“二沉(chen)池(chi)(chi)(chi)”并定(ding)(ding)期(qi)清除池(chi)(chi)(chi)底淤(yu)泥。鑒于污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)固(gu)(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)微粒超標對(dui)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備和(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)道的(de)(de)(de)影響，我(wo)們在(zai)(zai)各(ge)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)輸送泵站池(chi)(chi)(chi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)結構上作(zuo)了考慮，盡量(liang)使污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)固(gu)(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)沉(chen)積物(wu)沉(chen)淀在(zai)(zai)“一(yi)沉(chen)池(chi)(chi)(chi)”，以盡可能減(jian)少(shao)輸山口池(chi)(chi)(chi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)（二沉(chen)池(chi)(chi)(chi)）污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)固(gu)(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)物(wu)含量(liang)，有(you)效降低機械密封磨擦副故障(zhang)發(fa)牛率(lv)。視各(ge)池(chi)(chi)(chi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)污(wu)(wu)(wu)泥沉(chen)積程度(du)，及(ji)時(shi)組織力量(liang)清除池(chi)(chi)(chi)底厚厚的(de)(de)(de)淤(yu)泥，并作(zuo)環保處(chu)理，以減(jian)少(shao)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)固(gu)(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)雜(za)質(zhi)含量(liang)，有(you)效降低污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理設(she)(she)(she)(she)備故障(zhang)發(fa)牛率(lv)。對(dui)將(jiang)要進(jin)(jin)入(ru)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)做合理處(chu)理針對(dui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)問題，我(wo)們可以在(zai)(zai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備之前先(xian)對(dui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)行人工處(chu)理，首先(xian)對(dui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)酸(suan)堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)(jin)行調(diao)和(he)(he)(he)，將(jiang)酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)經(jing)氧化鈣處(chu)理，堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)用酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)溶液中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)，在(zai)(zai)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)過(guo)(guo)濾，將(jiang)固(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)顆(ke)粒過(guo)(guo)濾山來(lai)。對(dui)過(guo)(guo)濾后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)經(jing)離心沉(chen)淀，祛除那些(xie)小顆(ke)粒物(wu)，防止在(zai)(zai)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)管(guan)(guan)道時(shi)堵塞管(guan)(guan)道。然后(hou)再進(jin)(jin)行其他方(fang)式處(chu)理。

3、污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理(li)設(she)(she)備(bei)在(zai)維(wei)護(hu)時(shi)(shi)的(de)注(zhu)意(yi)事(shi)項污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理(li)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)維(wei)護(hu)是(shi)避免山(shan)現污(wu)水(shui)泄漏(lou)所(suo)必須的(de)方(fang)法，然而(er)在(zai)維(wei)護(hu)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)同時(shi)(shi)應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)到很(hen)多(duo)事(shi)項，這里著重提(ti)出(chu)。在(zai)維(wei)護(hu)時(shi)(shi)，首(shou)先對(dui)(dui)機械密(mi)封(feng)進行(xing)(xing)全面(mian)檢查(cha)，檢查(cha)是(shi)否(fou)有密(mi)封(feng)出(chu)現損傷(shang)(shang)，如有損傷(shang)(shang)應(ying)立即(ji)進行(xing)(xing)重新密(mi)封(feng)。然后再檢查(cha)是(shi)否(fou)有零(ling)(ling)件出(chu)現損傷(shang)(shang)，或者失(shi)效(xiao)，針對(dui)(dui)損傷(shang)(shang)程度(du)進行(xing)(xing)必要的(de)維(wei)修(xiu)和更(geng)換，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)那些失(shi)效(xiao)的(de)零(ling)(ling)件進行(xing)(xing)更(geng)換。在(zai)拆(chai)卸設(she)(she)備(bei)時(shi)(shi)要注(zhu)意(yi)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)聯合方(fang)式(shi)，按照順序進行(xing)(xing)拆(chai)卸，不(bu)要為了修(xiu)復(fu)某方(fang)面(mian)強行(xing)(xing)拆(chai)取這個部(bu)位(wei)，這樣會(hui)對(dui)(dui)其他(ta)部(bu)位(wei)造成(cheng)損傷(shang)(shang)。在(zai)維(wei)修(xiu)期之間(jian)頻(pin)繁發牛(niu)污(wu)水(shui)泄漏(lou)，應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)縮(suo)短(duan)維(wei)護(hu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)間(jian)隔。如果污(wu)水(shui)處(chu)理(li)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)某部(bu)位(wei)經常(chang)發牛(niu)泄漏(lou)，應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)此處(chu)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)效(xiao)果是(shi)否(fou)符合要求，機械零(ling)(ling)件是(shi)否(fou)滿足工作(zuo)條件，針對(dui)(dui)階段(duan)性污(wu)水(shui)泄漏(lou)的(de)地方(fang)，要加強該部(bu)位(wei)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)強度(du)。